Why More Women Get Alzheimer’s: Facts and Research

Women are disproportionately affected by Alzheimer's disease, comprising nearly two-thirds of all cases globally. While longer life expectancy contributes to this disparity, it's not the sole reason. Research indicates that hormonal changes, particularly the decline in estrogen during menopause, play a significant role in increasing Alzheimer's risk among women. Estrogen is believed to have neuroprotective effects, and its reduction may accelerate cognitive decline. Additionally, genetic factors like the presence of the APOE4 gene variant have been found to elevate Alzheimer's risk more in women than in men. Studies also suggest that women may experience faster progression of the disease and more severe symptoms compared to men.

Beyond biological factors, societal and lifestyle elements contribute to the increased prevalence of Alzheimer's in women. Historically, women have had less access to education and career opportunities, which are associated with cognitive reserve—a protective factor against dementia. Moreover, women often take on caregiving roles, leading to chronic stress, which is linked to cognitive impairment. Early menopause, whether natural or surgical, has also been associated with a higher risk of dementia, emphasizing the importance of hormonal health in cognitive aging. To mitigate these risks, experts recommend lifestyle interventions such as regular physical activity, a balanced diet, mental stimulation, and social engagement, all of which support brain health and may reduce the likelihood of developing Alzheimer's disease.